Java

Java is a language for writing programs, and at the same time Java is a platform on which to run programs written in Java and other languages like  Groovy, Jython, and JRuby.The first stable version was the JDK 1.0.2. is called Java 1 was released in 1996.It is a general-purpose, class-based, and object-oriented language,which patterned after C and C++ . The Java programming language is related to C and C++ but is organized rather differently, with a number of aspects of C and C++ omitted and a few ideas from other languages included. It is intended to be a production language, not a research language.

Three software development kits (SDKs) exist for developing different kinds of Java programs:  The Java SE (Standard Edition) Software Development Kit (known as the JDK) is used to create desktop-oriented standalone applications and web browser embedded applications known as applets. The Java ME (Mobile Edition) SDK is used to create applications known as MIDlets and Xlets. MIDlets target mobile devices, which have small graphical displays, simple numeric keypad interfaces, and limited HTTP-based network access. Xlets typically target television-oriented devices such as Blu-ray Disc players. The Java ME SDK requires that the JDK also be installed. The Java EE (Enterprise Edition) SDK is used to create component-based enterprise applications.The Java EE SDK requires that the JDK also be installed.  The JDK’s tools are run in a command-line environment.

 Three popular IDEs for Java development are Eclipse , IntelliJ IDEA and NetBeans.A Java program starts out as source code that conforms to Java syntax, rules for combining symbols into meaningful entities. The Java compiler translates the source code stored in files that have the“.java” file extension into equivalent executable code, known as bytecode, which it stores in files that have the “.class” file extension.Java is a platform that executes Java-based programs. The Java platform consists of a virtual machine and execution environment. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)’s associated execution environment consists of a huge library of prebuilt functionality,commonly known as the standard class library, that Java programs can use to perform routine tasks . The execution environment also consists of “glue” code that connects the JVM to the underlying operating system.The Java programming language is a relatively high-level language,  includes automatic storage management and typically using a garbage collector.The Java programming language is normally  compiled to the bytecoded instruction set and binary format defined in The Java Virtual Machine Specification.Java SE 7 (codename 'Dolphin') is the latest release of java